-=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- (c) WidthPadding Industries 1987 0|676|0 -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=- -=+=-

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I need to create an app for androis that will connect to an arduino ble device and send it a text string. I have the arduino set up already with the followinf customer service and uuid.

BLEService customService("19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214"); // Custom BLE service
// BLE String Characteristic - custom UUID, read and write permissions
BLEStringCharacteristic stringCharacteristic("19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214", BLERead | BLEWrite, 128); // max 128 characters

I also gave it the local name of BLE.setLocalName("SMRTWTCH"); // Set device name

I have been told that using java in android studio is the only way to creat an android app that uses BLE. can you give me a step-by-step instruction set to create the android app that can connect to this arduino ble device and send the string "T2023:7:17:20:56:30". Please be as detailed as possible as I have never used java before, nor have I used android studio..

Sure, I can provide you a step-by-step guide to create an Android app that connects to your Arduino BLE device and sends the string "T2023:7:17:20:56:30". However, it's quite a complex task for someone who has never used Java or Android Studio before, but don't worry, I'll try to be as detailed as possible.

### Prerequisites

1. Install [Android Studio ↗](https://developer.android.com/studio). Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Google's Android operating system.

2. Basic understanding of Java programming language. You may want to read some [Java basics ↗](https://www.w3schools.com/java/) first if you have never used Java before.

### Step 1: Create a new Android Studio project

1. Open Android Studio.

2. Click on "Start a new Android Studio project".

3. In the "Select a Project Template" screen, select "Empty Activity".

4. Click "Next".

5. In the "Configure your project" screen, give your application a name, and choose a "Save location".

6. Choose "Java" as the language and set the minimum SDK to Android 4.4 (Kitkat).

7. Click "Finish".

### Step 2: Update the AndroidManifest.xml

Update your `AndroidManifest.xml` to include the Bluetooth permissions and to declare that your app is intended to be used with BLE.

```xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.mybleapp">

<!-- Declare Bluetooth permissions -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

<!-- Declare that this app is intended to be used with BLE -->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

<application
...
</application>

</manifest>
```

### Step 3: Create the BLEService class

In your project, create a new Java class called `BLEService`. This class will handle all the Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) operations such as scanning for devices, connecting to a device, discovering services, and reading/writing characteristics.

Here's a simplified version of what your `BLEService` class might look like:

```java
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.UUID;

public class BLEService {
private Context context;
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
private BluetoothGatt bluetoothGatt;

// Define your custom service and characteristic UUIDs
private static final UUID CUSTOM_SERVICE_UUID = UUID.fromString("19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214");
private static final UUID STRING_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = UUID.fromString("19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214");

public BLEService(Context context, BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter) {
this.context = context;
this.bluetoothAdapter = bluetoothAdapter;
}

// Implement a method for scanning BLE devices
public void startScanning() {
// TODO: Implement this method
}

// Implement a method for stopping the scanning of BLE devices
public void stopScanning() {
// TODO: Implement this method
}

// Implement a method for connecting to a specific device
public void connectDevice(BluetoothDevice device) {
// TODO: Implement this method
}

// Implement a method for disconnecting from a device
public void disconnectDevice() {
// TODO: Implement this method
}

// Implement a method for writing to a characteristic
public void writeCharacteristic(String value) {
// TODO: Implement this method
}
}
```

This is just a skeleton of `BLEService` class. You will need to implement the methods to scan, connect, disconnect, and write to a characteristic.

### Step 4: Implement BLE operations

Now, let's implement the BLE operations:

1. **Scanning for devices**: You'll need to create a `ScanCallback` and start a BLE scan using the `BluetoothLeScanner`.

```java
private ScanCallback scanCallback = new ScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);
BluetoothDevice device = result.getDevice();
if (device.getName() != null && device.getName().equals("SMRTWTCH")) {
// We found our device, stopContinuing from my previous post, we were in the middle of implementing the `ScanCallback`:

```java
// We found our device, stop the scan
stopScanning();
// Connect to the device
connectDevice(device);
}
}
};

public void startScanning() {
bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner().startScan(scanCallback);
}

public void stopScanning() {
bluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner().stopScan(scanCallback);
}
```

2. **Connecting to a device**: To connect to a device, you can call `connectGatt()` on the `BluetoothDevice` object. You'll also need to create a `BluetoothGattCallback` to handle the connection events and the services discovery.

```java
private BluetoothGattCallback gattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState);
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
// We are connected, now we need to discover services
gatt.discoverServices();
}
}

@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status);
// Services have been discovered, now we can read/write characteristics
}
};

public void connectDevice(BluetoothDevice device) {
bluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(context, false, gattCallback);
}
```

3. **Writing to a characteristic**: To write a value to a characteristic, find the service and the characteristic by their UUIDs, set the value to the characteristic, and write it using the `BluetoothGatt` object.

```java
public void writeCharacteristic(String value) {
BluetoothGattService service = bluetoothGatt.getService(CUSTOM_SERVICE_UUID);
if (service != null) {
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = service.getCharacteristic(STRING_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
if (characteristic != null) {
characteristic.setValue(value);
bluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
}
}
```

### Step 5: Use the BLEService class in your activity

Finally, use the `BLEService` class in your main activity to start scanning for devices and write to a characteristic:

```java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
private BLEService bleService;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Get the default bluetooth adapter
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

// Create a new BLEService
bleService = new BLEService(this, bluetoothAdapter);

// Start scanning for devices
bleService.startScanning();
}

public void sendStringToBLEDevice() {
// Write to the characteristic
bleService.writeCharacteristic("T2023:7:17:20:56:30");
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
// Make sure we don't leak resources
bleService.disconnectDevice();
}
}
```

This is a very basic introduction to using BLE in Android. Things can get a lot more complicated, depending on what you're trying to do. For example, you'll need to handle permissions, deal with different Android versions, handle different types of errors, etc.

Please note that the actual implementation may vary depending on the Android version and the specific requirements of your app. For more details, refer to the [Android Developers Guide on Bluetooth Low Energy ↗](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/bluetooth-le). If you have any specific issues while implementing this, don't hesitate to ask!

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